Original ResearchPublished 30 September 2026A unified equivalent-resistance framework for smart-well inflow-control technologies in reservoir–wellbore coupled simulationQingshuang Jin · Wenhao Zhang · Zhengpan Cui · Xin Quan · Yongchao Xue · Ying Zhang · Leihongbo QiaoFrontiers in Earth Sciencedoi 10.3389/feart.2026.1917305