ElectronicsPublished 1 September 2025An overview of advanced instruments for magnetic characterization and measurementsJunbiao Zhao · Ligang Bai · Shen Li · Zhiqiang Cao · Yi Peng · Jinrui Bai · Xudong Cai · Xinmin Shi · Xiaoyang Lin · Guodong Wei · Xueying ZhangFrontiers in Electronicsdoi 10.3389/felec.2025.1645594