Brief Research ReportPublished 29 September 2026A lipidomic-based biological clock model indicates greater metabolic age in housed dairy cows compared to pasture-based dairy cowsDavid B. Sheedy · Helen M. Golder · Sergio C. Garcia · Zhiqian Liu · Priyanka Reddy · Simone J. Rochfort · Jennie E. Pryce · Ian J. LeanFrontiers in Animal Sciencedoi 10.3389/fanim.2026.1923710