Adolescent MedicinePublished 12 May 2025Understanding racial/ethnic differences in e-cigarette outcome expectancies among early adolescents: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development StudyJohn Tarantino · Tammy Chung · Nicole Kennelly · Shawn J. Latendresse · Margret Z. Powell · Carolyn E. SartorFrontiers in Adolescent Medicinedoi 10.3389/fradm.2025.1556505