Original ResearchPublished 23 September 2026Effect of tannic acid content on the properties and antibacterial activity of Shapeable polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/tannic acid/borax (PBST) composite hydrogelsTingxu Xia · Han Pu · Mengjue Jin · Yiyu Wang · Yuhang Chen · Yuanqing Xu · Ying RenFrontiers in Materialsdoi 10.3389/fmats.2026.1873593