Original ResearchPublished 10 August 2026Exchange rate volatility modeling: ARIMAX-FIGARCH with wavelet-based outlier detection for USD/PENWilfredo Bazán-Ramírez · Miguel Ángel Bello-Bernal · Javier Antonio Prudencio-Vidal · Aldo Bazán-Ramírez · Amador Grover Mejía-Osorio · Ybar Gustavo Palomino-Malpartida · Edgar Gutiérrez-GómezFrontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statisticsdoi 10.3389/fams.2026.1887882