Original ResearchPublished 12 October 2026Scale effects on wave forces and flow structures around a perforated semicircular submerged breakwaterHan Wang · Hongkang Wei · Yikang Gao · Dake Chen · Zishun Yao · Tiago Fazeres-Ferradosa · Yin Cheng · Yali Luo · Dawei GuanFrontiers in Marine Sciencedoi 10.3389/fmars.2026.1971245