Original ResearchPublished 15 September 2026Multiple egg defenses arose early in the history of apple snails preceding carotenoid-bound perivitellinsI. Pavía · M. Y. Pasquevich · S. C. Thiengo · K. P. Barbosa · P. E. Fernández · H. HerasFrontiers in Ecology and Evolutiondoi 10.3389/fevo.2026.1917664