Original ResearchPublished 3 September 2026Design and optimization of urban open drainage systems under compound flooding: a rank based sequential SWMM simulation optimization frameworkVed Prakash · Om Prakash Vats · Dhruba Jyoti Sarmah · Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya · Uditha Rohana RatnayakeFrontiers in Waterdoi 10.3389/frwa.2026.1914363