Original ResearchPublished 6 October 2026Spatial heterogeneity, source contributions, and hazard mapping of potentially hazardous elements in irrigated soils of the Yellow River Basin, Northwest ChinaHao Xu · Xueqin Liu · Shujuan Chen · Lingzhi Luo · Wang Wenfan · Lihui Ma · Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman · D. M. SabraFrontiers in Soil Sciencedoi 10.3389/fsoil.2026.1966899