MethodsPublished 14 April 2026From data to decision: a holistic data-driven method for HVDC commutation failure pre-judgementHuanhuan Yang · Shuqing Zhang · Jianxin Zhang · Tongtong Zhang · Yong Mei · Weijie Zhang · Yanan Zhu · Tuo JiangFrontiers in Smart Gridsdoi 10.3389/frsgr.2026.1652647