Original ResearchPublished 8 October 2026Mortality and clinical outcomes in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus according to pharmacological treatment or expectant management: a retrospective cohort studyJavier Torres-Muñoz · Diana María Pérez Manrique · Lesly Georjany Escobar Gordillo · Angie Marcela Guapacha Alomia · Julián Torres-FigueroaFrontiers in Pediatricsdoi 10.3389/fped.2026.1952588