Library

Articles

Every article on Frontiers is peer reviewed, permanently archived and free to read.

Showing 2 articles

Original Research
Published 7 October 2026
A hierarchical architecture for brownfield digitization: design, analytical insights, and validation of an ultra-low-cost Wi-Fi/MQTT IIoT framework
Gulshat Amirkhanova · Meiramkul Zhasuzakova · Nazargozha Abdulkhamit · Bauyrzhan Amirkhanov · Onggarbek Alipbeki · Alina Raeva
Frontiers in Communications and Networks
doi 10.3389/frcmn.2026.1822183
Industrial Engineering
Published 23 November 2023
We need a theoretical framework for the modernization of industrial legacy systems
Paulo Garcia · Warisa Sritriratanarak
Frontiers in Industrial Engineering
doi 10.3389/fieng.2023.1266651