Original ResearchPublished 19 May 2026A cognitive synergetic hierarchical framework for UAV swarm combat via speculative inference and role-decoupled reinforcement learningLixa Wang · Yunqing Liu · Linyang Guo · Ran Zhang · Yu Cui · Yihan Cui · Chunlin XuFrontiers in Neuroroboticsdoi 10.3389/fnbot.2026.1799054