Original ResearchPublished 7 October 2026Designing a total quality management 4.0 framework for service organizations: a plan-do-study-act based approachSalma Elhag · Renad Alshamrani · Taghreed Alahmadi · Marwah Aljohani · Shuroq AlattasFrontiers in Industrial Engineeringdoi 10.3389/fieng.2026.1895625