Articles | Frontiers

Systematic Review

Published 23 July 2026

Topical retinoids and risk of major congenital malformations and spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Alaa Baqer Alali · Fatimah Ahmed Alhammad · Jumanah Ameer Almohammed Saleh · Salwa Baqer Alshaikh · Zahraa Khaled Alshayeb · Anfal Jaber Al Nujaidi · Ahmed Abdulmohsen Albinsaleh · Mohammed Radhi Almutawah · Mostafa Habeeb Alhodibi · Muslem Adel Albesher

Frontiers in Drug Safety and Regulation

doi 10.3389/fdsfr.2026.1864872