PerspectivePublished 13 April 2026Physiological actions of “medical devices made of natural materials” (such as vegetal matrices) and non-pharmacological actions of “medical devices made of substances” (and as such artificial derivatives) as innovations introduced by Regulation 2017/745Marcella MarlettaFrontiers in Drug Safety and Regulationdoi 10.3389/fdsfr.2026.1807588