Communications and NetworksPublished 26 September 2025Modeling and analysis of response time in vehicular networks using Markov chainsMasood Kalamati · Hasan Raei · Bulbula Kumeda Kussia · Sadiq Hussain · Emrah Arslan · Javad Hassannataj Joloudari · Silvia GaftandzhievaFrontiers in Communications and Networksdoi 10.3389/frcmn.2025.1657378